大学教育——并非面向大众的教育

CHINA’Sinfamous university entrance exam, known as the gaokao, has long been atarget of criticism. Admissions are based solely on the points scored in oneexam, and the need for rote memorisation does little to foster creative minds.Now the government has taken its first tentative steps towards reforming thesystem. In December it announced that the English-language part of the test canbe taken several times, with the best score counting. More significantly, itsaid it would move towards an evaluation process where the test did not make up100% of the score, and would include more subjective assessments of, forinstance, extra-curricular activities. Details are expected this year.

在中国并不受好评的大学入学考试（高考）长久以来就是人们批判的对象。学校招生只看学生在一次考试中取得的分数，而死记硬背并不有助于培养创造性思维。现在，中国政府已经尝试性地迈出了改革教育制度的第一步。12月，政府已经宣布学生可以多次参加英语考试，按最好成绩计入高考总分。更值得关注的是，政府称评估程序将有所转变，考试得分并不构成所有的分值，分数中将包括如课外活动在内的更多的主观评估。更多信息有望在今年获得公布。


Many see these reforms as long overdue. Butsome educators claim a move away from a straightforward points-based systemwill harm those who most need help getting into university: students frompoorer, rural areas.

很多人觉得高考早该改革了。但一些教育工作者称，偏离简单的基于分数的评估体制将使那部分最需要进入大学的学生群体受到影响：来自较贫穷的农村地区的学生。


China’selite universities already resemble their Western counterparts in one respect:most students are from relatively well-off backgrounds. In the 1970s, 50% offreshmen at Tsinghua University, alma mater of China’s president, Xi Jinping, werefrom poorer, rural areas, according to Yang Dongping of Beijing Institute ofTechnology. In 2010 that figure was down to 17%. Tan Wufeng, who teachescommunications at Tsinghua, says she was shocked to find her freshman classesthis year contained not one student from rural China.

中国一流大学与西方国家的一流大学有一点是相似的:大多数学生来自相对富裕的家庭。来自北京理工大学的杨东平（Yang Dongping）说，20世纪70年代，清华大学（中国主席Xi的母校）一半的新生来自较贫穷的农村地区。到了2010年，这个数据降到了17%。清华大学通信专业教师谭梧凤（Tan Wufeng）说，她很惊讶地发现今年新生里没有一个是来自农村地区的。


There are several reasons. Urban educationis better financed. In Beijing in 2011, annualexpenditure per child in primary school was nearly 20,000 yuan ($3,100)compared with just 3,000 yuan in Henan, apoorer province in central China.Corruption and guanxi, or “connections”, also play their part. Many of thebest high schools, even in small towns, are full of the children of localofficials. Some students are admitted to college because of who they are orwhom they bribe. In November an admissions officer at RenminUniversity, an elite Beijingcollege, was detained as he tried to flee to Canada after allegedly takingmillions of yuan in bribes.

原因有如下几个。城市的教育得到了更好的资助。2011年，北京每个小学生的年教育支出是两万元左右（3100美元），相比之下，中国较贫穷省份河南省每个学生的支出只有3000元。***和关系也发挥着作用，很多在最好高中学校里就读的学生都是当地官员的孩子，甚至小城镇里也是这种情况。一些学生凭自己的身份或依靠贿赂进入了大学。11月份，北京市一流大学人民大学的招生负责人被指控受贿上百万美元，他在设法逃至加拿大时被逮捕。


As education has become more competitive ithas become more commercialised. In big cities wealthier students have betteraccess to private tutors, as well as opportunity to study abroad and undertakehelpful extra-curricular activities. The Chinese government is trying to tacklethe problem by requiring universities to increase the quotas for ruralstudents.

随着教育变得越来越有竞争性，教育也变得更加地商业化了。大城市较富裕的学生们可以请得起家庭教师，他们还有出国留学以及参加有助于自身发展的课外活动的机会。中国政府试图通过要求大学增加农村学生录取人数的方式来处理这个问题。









Jean Michel
The fact that there are fewer ruralstudents in Tsinghua university means that other universities are fast catchingup. Furthermore, with rapid urbanisation, someone who lived in a rural area tenyears ago is now living in a city.

清华大学里来自农村地区的学生数量减少说明其他学校里农村学生数量正在增加。此外，随着城市化进程加快，10年前住在农村地区的人现在已经住进了城市。


Raymond ZT Leein reply toJean Michel
I agree with your opinion that rapidurbanisation, to a large extent, leads to ewer rural students in Tsinghuauniversity. In my hometown, many rural high schools face the situation ofcannot getting enough students because they go to school in the city. I thinkmany other policies should be paid more attention to than this gaokao policy.

你认为城市化进程在很大程度上导致清华大学农村学生减少，我认同你的观点。在我的家乡，很多农村地区的高中面临生源不足的情况，因为学生们到城市的学校就读。我觉得除了高考之外，国家应该关注更多其他的政策。


alex65
This is just another manifest of the Caste system with Chinese Characteristics (CCC), i.e. the much admired Chinese Hukousystem.

这只是中国特色种姓制度的另一种表现形式，也就是让人佩服的中国户口制度。


ztoa
In the 1970s, 50% of freshmen at Tsinghua University,alma mater of China’spresident, Xi Jinping, were from poorer, rural areas, according to YangDongping of Beijing Institute of Technology. In 2010 that figure was down to17%.
*********************************
The author is either ignorant ordeliberately misleading.
In 1970s was during CR, colleges must admitlot of people from countryside, otherwise the teachers would be in big trouble.
In 2010s, colleges were not under suchpressure. Also, few people were living in poor countrysides.

20世纪70年代，清华大学（中国主席Xi的母校）一半的新生来自较贫穷的农村地区。到了2010年，这个数据降到了17%。
*********************************
作者不是无知就是故意在误导别人。
20世纪70年代，大学必须录取很多农村学生，否则教师们麻烦就大了。
2010年，大学没有这种压力了。而且住在较穷农村地区的人也少了。


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Sempervirens
Please do a followup on the proportion ofadmissions that are Han chinese. Are china's universities educating all ofchina's people or just perpetuating long time Han supremacy?

请追踪招收的汉族学生的比例。中国大学是招收所有生活在中国的人还是让汉族人有教育优先权？


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Devils Advocate_1in reply toSempervirens
[Sempervirens

请追踪招收的汉族学生的比例。中国大学是招收所有生活在中国的人还是让汉族人由教育优先权？

I believe in the Us, there is a system ofuniversity admission that works against the Han Chinese. THAT must be a way of"just perpetuating long time White supremacy"!

我相信美国的大学教育并不利于中国学生。
他们一定是“白人至上”！